Diabetes has become a growing concern for physicians across the country. There is rarely a day that goes by that we don’t have a patient come in and talk to us about this condition, which, if left untreated, can greatly increase the risk for heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, blindness and death.
Studies have shown that diabetes rates are increasing, but they also suggest improvement is possible. A recent study issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that new cases of diabetes have increased by about 90 percent in the United States over the past decade, fueled by growing obesity and sedentary lifestyles.
The most common form of diabetes, type 2 diabetes, is closely linked to obesity. An estimated 90 to 95 percent of new diabetes cases are type 2, as opposed to type 1 diabetes or juvenile diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a result of the body’s inability to make enough insulin. Without adequate production or utilization of insulin, the body cannot move blood sugar into cells.
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) estimates that 23.6 million Americans, or about 8 percent of the population, have diabetes. Overall, one in 10 U.S. adults, or 10 percent, have been diagnosed with diabetes, compared to 6 percent who have experienced cancer, the ADA reports.
Some of the primary causes of this rise are people’s diet and lifestyle choices. One issue that has compounded the problem is the increased move to more quick meals on the go. Over the past two decades, this has played a major role in the rise of obesity and, consequently, diabetes.
One thing I always tell my patents is early intervention is key to reducing the chances of developing diabetes. No amount of weight loss is too little, and getting more physical exercise can help prevent diabetes. It is also important that once you develop diabetes, if your blood glucose levels remain untreated, the risk for heart disease, stroke, kidney damage and blindness increases. It is important to work to control the progression of this condition.
Some of the first symptoms of diabetes are an increase in urination, thirst and hunger. These are all related to rising blood glucose levels. The ADA recommends routine screenings for diabetes to begin at around age 45. The screening can be done at a younger age given certain risk factors such as individuals who are overweight or obese; individuals with a family history of diabetes; or individuals with medical problems such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or heart disease. The screening commonly involves a fasting blood sugar, although a casual (random) blood sugar test can also be used. A fasting blood glucose level of greater than 100 mg/dl is considered to be “pre-diabetes.” Losing 5 to 7 percent of your body weight with diet and exercise at these blood glucose levels can significantly reduce the chances of developing full-blown diabetes.
As a reminder, type 2 diabetes can often be controlled through losing weight, improved nutrition and exercise alone. However, over time, these measures are not enough, and medications and/or insulin must be used. It is vital to deal with diabetes early to prevent serious health problems from developing.
Nydia Nunez-Estrada, M.D.
Family Medicine
Eskenazi Health Center